RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1962
year: 1224
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: People of Acre
text: Mar. 28. Catania. The emperor Frederick II writes to the people of Acre, as emperor and also as one who is planning to visit them. He has heard from Acre that the Genoese are staying away because of a dispute that has arisen between them and the Pisans. This endangers the Holy Land. He has written to the Genoese, but they have complained of their treatment. Frederick asks the people of Acre to treat the Genoese well.
Mar. 28. Catania. The emperor Frederick II writes to the people of Acre, as emperor and also as one who is planning to visit them. He has heard from Acre that the Genoese are staying away because of a dispute that has arisen between them and the Pisans. This endangers the Holy Land. He has written... more
sources: Mayer, UKJ 3:1505-7, no. App. III/13
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2003
year: 1225
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: The high court of Jerusalem
text: *Jul. 25/28 - Aug. 31. Italy. The emperor Frederick II writes to [the High Court of] Jerusalem about his marriage to Isabella of Jerusalem.
*Jul. 25/28 - Aug. 31. Italy. The emperor Frederick II writes to [the High Court of] Jerusalem about his marriage to Isabella of Jerusalem.
sources: Mayer, UKJ 3:1057-8, 1079, nos. 643, 653
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2018
year: 1226
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Richerius episcopus Melfiensis
text: *Early in year. The Emperor Frederick II sends Richerius episcopus Melfiensis to Tripoli to represent him.
*Early in year. The Emperor Frederick II sends Richerius episcopus Melfiensis to Tripoli to represent him.
sources: Mayer, UKJ 3:1094, no. 655
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2080
year: 1227
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus
text: Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
sources: Amari, Biblioteca 2:245-6 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2092
year: 1228
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Sultan al-Kamil
text: Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
sources: ‘L’Estoire de Eracles’, pp. 369-70; Ibn al-Athir, The Chronicle 3:293 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2102
year: 1229
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Pope Gregory IX
text: Mar. 18. Jerusalem. Frederick, Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus Ierusalem et Sicilie rex, writes to Pope Gregory IX, copying the letter for general circulation, including a copy sent to the king of England. He praises God for his achievements in the Holy Land. He describes, in the same terms as the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans, how he reached Jaffa on 15 November to refortify its castle and prepare for an advance on Jerusalem. He was hindered by a lack of pack animals [equitaturi] and by bad weather that was preventing provisioning by sea, although eventually the weather eased. While work continued on the fortifications, messengers passed between the emperor and the sultan of Egypt, who was camping at Gaza with his brother Scharaph, while the sultan of Damascus was established at Nablus. The sultan of Egypt restored Jerusalem to the emperor, with all the land descending down to Jaffa, except only for the Templum Domini, which would be open to Muslims wishing to pray there, alhough they must visit without weapons. He also restored Bethlehem with the land between it and Jerusalem; Nazareth with the land between it and Acre; all the terra Toronis; and the city of Sidon, the port of which had been a transit between Damascus and Egypt. The Christians can refortify Jerusalem, Jaffa, Sidon, Caesarea and the castle belonging to the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans in the mountains of Acre. The sultan promises not to refortify castles or build new ones until the end of the truce, which will last for 10 years. The truce was confirmed by oath on 18 February. On the advice of the patriarch of Jerusalem and the magistri and brothers of the [military orders], the emperor will inform the pope personally when he returns to Europe. Meanwhile he entered Jerusalem on 17 March, wore his crown and gave orders for the rebuilding of the city, which he proposes to refortify. The sultan will return all Christian prisoners, including those taken at Damietta.
Mar. 18. Jerusalem. Frederick, Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus Ierusalem et Sicilie rex, writes to Pope Gregory IX, copying the letter for general circulation, including a copy sent to the king of England. He praises God for his achievements in the Holy Land. He describes, in the... more
sources: MGH Leges 2:162-7 (RRH no. 1000)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2280
year: 1236
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: People of the kingdom of Jerusalem
text: *Aug. 16 - beginning Oct. Frederick II sends the people of the kingdom of Jerusalem the sealed text of a peace treaty drawn up between him and Phelipe de Treie and Henri de Nazareth, the emissaries of the Commune of Acre.
*Aug. 16 - beginning Oct. Frederick II sends the people of the kingdom of Jerusalem the sealed text of a peace treaty drawn up between him and Phelipe de Treie and Henri de Nazareth, the emissaries of the Commune of Acre.
sources: ‘L’Estoire de Eracles’, p. 406; Mayer, UKJ 3:1174-6, no. 688
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2366
year: 1239
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: R. comes Cornubiae
text: Apr. 20. Treviso. Writing to R. comes Cornubiae, the emperor Frederick maintains, among a series of bitter complaints about the actions of Pope Gregory IX against him in Italy and the Holy Land, that the pope accepted bribes to permit the illegitimate marriages of his enemies, that is to say Sipha, the daughter of the comestabulus regni Cypri, to Baliannus de Ybelino, condemned by the [arch]bishop of Nicosia, and the sister of Joannes de Caesaria to Jacobus de Amendolia.
Apr. 20. Treviso. Writing to R. comes Cornubiae, the emperor Frederick maintains, among a series of bitter complaints about the actions of Pope Gregory IX against him in Italy and the Holy Land, that the pope accepted bribes to permit the illegitimate marriages of his enemies, that is to say Sipha... more
sources: Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora 3:575-589, esp. p. 586 (RRH no. 1089)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2375
year: 1239
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: [al-‘Adil II] Saif ad-Din, sultan of Egypt
text: 1239 The emperor Frederick writes to [al-‘Adil II] Saif ad-Din, sultan of Egypt, threatening him unless he returns the Holy Land to Christians. [Saif ad-Din replies aggressively, demanding Frederick prohibit Christians from attacking him]. Pier della Vigna, L’Epistolario, pp. 318-19, nos. 2.18-19 (RRH no. 1098)
1239 The emperor Frederick writes to [al-‘Adil II] Saif ad-Din, sultan of Egypt, threatening him unless he returns the Holy Land to Christians. [Saif ad-Din replies aggressively, demanding Frederick prohibit Christians from attacking him]. Pier della Vigna, L’Epistolario, pp. 318-19, nos. 2.18-19 (... more
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2382
year: 1240
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: King Henry III of England
text: Apr. 25. Foggia. The emperor Frederick writes to King Henry III of England, attributing the recent disastrous losses in the Holy Land to the pope’s organization of a crusade against his advice and promising to do what he can to persuade the sultan of Egypt to release the Christian prisoners-of-war.
Apr. 25. Foggia. The emperor Frederick writes to King Henry III of England, attributing the recent disastrous losses in the Holy Land to the pope’s organization of a crusade against his advice and promising to do what he can to persuade the sultan of Egypt to release the Christian prisoners-of-war.
sources: Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora 4:26-9 (RRH no. 1094)